Nthawi Imauluka: Lamulo Losintha Za Cannabis ku Germany (CanG) Likondwerera Chaka Chake Choyamba
Sabata ino ndi tsiku lokumbukira chaka chimodzi cha malamulo aku Germany osintha cannabis, CanG. Kuyambira pa Epulo 1, 2024, Germany yayika ma euro mamiliyoni mazana ambiri m'gulu lazachipatala, kupewera milandu mazana masauzande, ndikupatsa nzika mamiliyoni ambiri ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito cannabis koyamba. Komabe, kusinthaku kudakali mkangano komanso ndale kwambiri. Pamene Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union (CDU/CSU) yotsutsana ndi cannabis Social Democratic Party (SPD) ikupitiliza kukambirana zakupanga boma lamgwirizano, tsogolo lamakampani a cannabis ku Germany silikudziwika. Mosasamala kanthu kuti mgwirizano watsopanowu ukuyesera kuthetsa CanG, lamuloli lakhudza kale chuma cha Germany ndi anthu. Chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, zikuwoneka kuti genie idzakhala yovuta kubwezeretsa mu botolo.
Zotsatira za Lamulo la Cannabis ku Germany
Lamulo la 《Cannabis Control Act (CanG)》, lomwe lidayamba kugwira ntchito pa Epulo 1, 2024, limalola akuluakulu kukhala ndi, kudya, komanso kulima mbewu zitatu za chamba kunyumba. Malamulo ena omwe adakhazikitsidwa pa Julayi 1, 2024, adalola kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabungwe osagwiritsa ntchito phindu, kupangitsa mamembala kukula ndikugawa chamba kuti azigwiritsa ntchito akuluakulu. Ngakhale Germany si dziko loyamba ku Europe kulembetsa mwalamulo cannabis mdziko lonse, kusintha kwa mfundo zake mosakayikira ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pamalamulo, makamaka pankhani yazachuma, chinali kuchotsedwa kwa chamba pamndandanda wamankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti bizinesi yaku Germany ya cannabis ichuluke. Malinga ndi 《German Cannabis Industry Association (BvCW)》, lamuloli layendetsa kukula m'magawo atatu ofunika.
Cannabis Zamankhwala
Dongosolo lachipatala la cannabis ku Germany latuluka ngati wopambana kwambiri pansi pa CanG yatsopano. Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti mu 2024, makampaniwa adakopa ndalama zokwana € 300 miliyoni, ndipo pafupifupi € 240 miliyoni adalunjika kumsika wotukuka wachipatala. Mgwirizanowu ukuneneratu kuti ndalama zomwe gawoli lipeza zitha kufika 1 biliyoni pofika 2025.
Ngakhale kuti izi zapindulitsa kwambiri mabizinesi, 《Federal Association of Pharmaceutical Cannabinoid Companies (BPC)》 imatsutsa kuti yathandizanso chisamaliro cha odwala.
"Kukula kwakukulu m'makampani opanga mankhwala a cannabis kukuwonetsa kufunikira kwake kwa chithandizo chamankhwala chokhazikika ku Germany. Kukula kwamphamvu kumeneku kwathandizira kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti odwala ali ndi mwayi wopeza chithandizo chamankhwala apamwamba komanso otsimikizika a cannabinoid," adatero Antonia Menzel, Wapampando wa BPC.
Zomwe zatulutsidwa posachedwa zikuwonetsa kukula kwa msika, zomwe sizikupindulitsa kokha zipatala zapa cannabis zapakhomo komanso ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi 《German Federal Institute for Drug and Medical Devices (BfArM)》, Germany idatumiza matani opitilira 70 a maluwa owuma a cannabis mu 2024 - kupitilira kawiri matani 32 omwe adatumizidwa chaka chatha.
Mu kotala yachinayi ya 2024 yokha, Germany idatumiza 31,691 kg ya maluwa owuma a cannabis, chiwonjezeko cha 53% kuchokera pagawo lapitalo la 20,654 kg. Poyerekeza ndi gawo lachinayi la 2023 (CanG isanayambe kugwira ntchito), zolowa kunja zidakwera ndi 272%.
Zambiri zodziyimira pawokha zochokera kumakampani a cannabis zimathandiziranso izi. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, 《Bloomwell Group》, m'modzi mwa makampani akuluakulu aku Germany omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chamba, adanenanso kuti kuchuluka kwa **1,000%** pamalangizo omwe adalandilidwa ndi ogulitsa chamba kuyambira Marichi mpaka Disembala 2024 kutsatira kusintha kwalamulo.
Mabungwe a Kulima Pakhomo ndi Kulima
Malinga ndi zoyambira za Prohibition Partners Lipoti lomwe likubwera ku European Cannabis Report: 10th Edition, kuyambira Marichi 2025, zofunsira zopitilira 500 zamabungwe olima cannabis zidatumizidwa ku Germany, ndipo pafupifupi 190 idavomerezedwa. Mabungwewa amalola mamembala achikulire kuti apeze cannabis mwalamulo kudzera mwa umembala wawo.
Maiko omwe ali ndi zilolezo zambiri zoperekedwa ndi North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony, ndi Rhineland-Palatinate, omwe onse pamodzi amakhala pafupifupi 60% ya zilolezo zonse zoperekedwa ku Germany.
Kuphatikiza apo, BvCW ikuwona "kukula" pakulima m'nyumba, kuyendetsa kugulitsa mbewu, feteleza, magetsi olima, ndi zida zina.
"Zogulitsazi zidagulitsidwa mkati mwa milungu kapena miyezi ingapo. Pa kafukufuku woyimira, 11% ya omwe adatenga nawo gawo adawonetsa chidwi cholima cannabis kunyumba. Lamulo latsopanoli lakhazikitsa ntchito ndikukweza chuma."
Kuchepetsa Upandu
Mtsutso waukulu womwe bungwe la traffic light coalition (SPD, Greens, FDP) likukankhira CanG linali loti achepetse umbanda, kuchepetsa msika wakuda, komanso kulola kuti omvera malamulo aziyang'ana kwambiri zolakwa zazikulu.
Chimodzi mwa zipambano zazikulu za lamuloli ndi kukhudza kwake pa kayendetsedwe ka milandu. Kukhazikitsa malamulo kwathandiza akuluakulu a boma ku Germany kuti agwiritse ntchito zipangizo zothana ndi umbanda waukulu. Malinga ndi Der Spiegel, milandu pafupifupi 100,000 yapewedwa kuyambira pakuvomerezeka pang'ono.
Bukuli linanena kuti: "Ku Bavaria, dera lomwe limatsutsa kwambiri chamba, milandu yokhudzana ndi chamba idatsika ndi 56% mpaka milandu 15,270 mu 2024. Ku North Rhine-Westphalia, milandu yotereyi idatsika ndi theka (53%) poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha."
Ziwerengero zina za apolisi ndi umbanda zomwe a Der Spiegel adapeza zikuwonetsa kuti milandu yokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku Germany idatsika ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu mu 2024, pomwe chiwopsezo chaupandu mdziko lonse chidatsika ndi 1.7%.
“Palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti lamuloli lachititsa kuti ‘kuchuluka kwa umbanda wa mankhwala ozunguza bongo’ kapena masoka ena, monga momwe ena m’magulu a CDU/CSU amanenera,” linatero lipotilo.
Kuwunika koyambirira kwa Düsseldorf Heinrich Heine University Institute for Competition Economics akuti kuvomerezeka kwa anthu akuluakulu kutha kupulumutsa apolisi aku Germany ndi makhothi mpaka € 1.3 biliyoni pachaka.
Komabe, Unduna wa Zam'kati unakana kuwunikaku, ponena kuti "palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti kuvomerezeka pang'ono kwapondereza msika wosaloledwa kapena kuchepetsa zofuna zawo."
Izi zikuwonekera potengera kuti milandu ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo idatsika ndi 33% -makamaka "milandu ya ogula" - pano chifukwa kumwa ndikololedwa. Panthawiyi, akuluakulu a boma anajambulapo anthu pafupifupi 1,000 ophwanya lamulo latsopanoli, makamaka pankhani ya kuzembetsa anthu, kuzembetsa, ndiponso kupezeka ndi zinthu zosaloledwa ndi boma.
Akuluakulu ena azamalamulo amati lamuloli likufunika kusinthidwa mwachangu. Alexander Poetz, Wachiwiri kwa Wapampando wa bungwe la Germany Police Union (GdP), adapempha boma la mtsogolo kuti lisinthe malamulowo mwachangu.
"Pokhapokha ngati lamuloli silinasinthidwe, msika wakuda udzapitirirabe, ndipo chitetezo cha achinyamata ndi chitetezo cha pamsewu sichingatsimikizidwe. Upandu wokonzedwa bwino ukugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonongeka zalamulo. Kuvomerezeka mwapang'onopang'ono sikunachepetse kwambiri ntchito ya apolisi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndalama zambiri zimafunikira pazida zapamwamba zowunikira, "adatero Poetz.
Malingaliro a Anthu
Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa kampani yopanga mbewu padziko lonse lapansi ya Royal Queen Seeds adapeza kuti 51% ya makolo aku Germany amakhulupirira kuti chamba chokulira kunyumba ndi chotetezeka kuposa chamba chogulidwa mumsewu (poyerekeza ndi 57% padziko lonse lapansi).
Pakati pa akuluakulu omwe adafunsidwa ku Germany, 40% amathandizira kusinthaku, ndipo akuluakulu 65+ ndi opuma pantchito amakhalabe okayikira kwambiri, pomwe omwe ali ndi zaka zosakwana 40 amatha kubwezera. Pafupifupi 50% amakhulupirira kuti malamulo atsopanowa athandiza anthu kuzindikira za cannabis.
Pakadali pano, 41% ya ogwiritsa ntchito chamba ku Germany akukonzekera kukulitsa zawo mu 2025, pomwe 77% ya alimi akunyumba amawona kulima kwawo ndipo 75% amawona kuti kudzikuza okha ndikotetezeka.
Kafukufuku wina wa YouGov wa anthu 2,000+ adawonetsa kuti 45% ya aku Germany amakambirana zachipatala ndi dokotala. Ngakhale 7% okha ndi omwe adachita izi, ena 38% adati atero ngati pakufunika kuchipatala.
Nthaŵi zambiri, odwala ndi amene amayambitsa makambirano ameneŵa—osati madokotala. Ndi 2% yokha ya akuluakulu azaka zapakati pa 45-54 ndi 1.2% mwa omwe ali ndi zaka 55+ omwe adanena kuti madokotala awo amalimbikitsa chithandizo cha cannabis. Anthu achichepere adawona ziwopsezo zokwera pang'ono: 5.8% ya azaka 25-34 zakubadwa ndi 5.3% ya azaka za 35-44 zakubadwa anali ndi madotolo kudzutsa mutuwo.
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri akuvomereza, kusalidwa kudakali chopinga. Pafupifupi 6% ya omwe adafunsidwa adati amapewa kukambirana za chamba ndi madokotala chifukwa choopa kuweruzidwa. Komabe, mibadwo yaying'ono imakhala yolimbikira: 49% ya ochepera zaka 34 adanena kuti afunsana ndi dokotala wawo nthawi yomweyo za cannabis yachipatala ngati ingafunike.
Mapeto
Patatha chaka chimodzi, kuvomerezeka kwa cannabis ku Germany kwakhala kopambana m'njira zambiri. Ngakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwathunthu kwakumana ndi zopinga - kuphatikiza kuchedwa kwa mayeso oyesa m'deralo kwa ogulitsa anthu akuluakulu - Federal Office for Agriculture and Food yaku Germany akuti yayamba kuvomera, kutanthauza kuti mapulojekiti oyesa omwe akuyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali ayambika posachedwa.
Ponseponse, CanG yakweza chuma, yachepetsa milandu yosafunikira, komanso yasintha malingaliro a anthu. Kaya boma lotsatira lisinthe kapena kusunga lamuloli, zotsatira zake sizingatsutsidwe kale.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-09-2025